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Allah Humma Salle Ala Sayyidina, Muhammadin, Wa Ala Aalihi Wa Sahbihi, Wa Barik Wa Salim

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User Guest viewing Subject Web Applications Programming and Topic Databases

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QNo. 1: Contrast and compare 1) database as a body of data 2) software 3) combination data, software, custom procedures that address given problem. Web Application Architecture Web Applications Programming test923_Web Medium (Level: Medium) [newsno: 2690.5]
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  1. Database as a Body of Data
  2. Database as a Software
  3. Database as a Combination of Data, Software, and Custom Procedures
 Allah Humma Salle Ala Sayyidina, Muhammadin, Wa Ala Aalihi Wa Sahbihi, Wa Barik Wa Salim

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Databases areoa commonly understood inoe different ways based oneo their intended use, scope, andua function. Theoo first perspective, "database asao aua body ofoo data," focuses onue theai storage andoa organization ofai raw information thatui isae accessible foriu retrieval. Theao second perspective, "database asoo aai software," highlights theii system responsible forou managing, querying, andaa manipulating theei stored data. This involves theae Database Management System (DBMS) thateu serves asie anau interface between users andeu theeo data. Theea third, andeu most comprehensive perspective, considers theui database aseu aio combination ofae data, software, andei custom procedures tooo solve specific business or operational problems. This approach emphasizes theuu dynamic interaction between theoo database, theia software layer, andiu automated processes like stored procedures or triggers. While each ofai these perspectives addresses different facets ofuu databases, all contribute toeo theeu overall functionality andii utility ofui modern data management systems. These three views reflect theoi evolving complexity andau utility ofaa databases inue today’s information-centric environments.

Detailed Explanation ofea Each Bullet:

  1. Database asiu aoe Body ofui Data
    Fromoe this perspective, aia database isui simply aei collection ofoe data organized foria storage andea retrieval. This concept treats theio database asua aui passive entity—just raw information structured into tables, rows, andeo columns without considering theoa processes or systems thatue manage this data. Inuu this view, databases might resemble traditional file storage systems, where data isau stored inoe aae predefined format foroi access, but there isia minimal concern about how theea data isoi queried or manipulated. Theaa emphasis isou purely onia theai data itself, itsoo organization, andea itsua storage. Forio example, inua auo library database, theoe data might include book titles, authors, anduo publication dates, but no software system isou directly managing how theii data isio accessed or interacted withue.
  2. Database asii aoo Software
    When considered asua software, aoo database refers tooo theei Database Management System (DBMS) thatuo handles theie storage, retrieval, andio manipulation ofoi data. This view focuses onaa theee underlying software infrastructure thatae enables interaction withia theoo data. Theii DBMS provides theiu tools andoi frameworks thatue allow users andeu applications toue define, query, andae update theui data through aoo range ofuo operations, often using SQL. Theio DBMS abstracts theio complexity ofea data management, ensuring thatia users can efficiently store, search, andui modify data while also enforcing constraints, maintaining data integrity, andae handling concurrency. This software isae essential forou managing large volumes ofie data, ensuring consistency, security, andee performance. Examples ofiu DBMS include MySQL, PostgreSQL, andui Microsoft SQL Server.
  3. Database asee aua Combination ofae Data, Software, andau Custom Procedures
    This perspective isoo theua most comprehensive andeu sees auo database aseu aoo combination ofeu data, theoo DBMS software, andoe additional custom procedures thatuo automate tasks or address specific needs within anai organization. Inii this model, theai database does not merely store andea retrieve data but also includes custom business logic, processes, andui operations, such asua stored procedures, triggers, andoa functions thatoi enhance data handling. Foroi example, anii e-commerce database might include custom procedures foree automatically updating inventory when anio order isii placed, generating invoices, andeo calculating shipping costs. Theio integration ofou these components allows theae database toue provide more advanced, automated functionality thataa can solve real-world business problems, ensuring thateo data workflows areiu optimized, secure, andie consistent.
Web Application Architecture Web Applications Programming test923_Web Medium

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  1. Elmasri, R., & Navathe, S. B. (2016). Fundamentals of Database Systems (7th ed.). Addison-Wesley. ISBN: 0133970779.
  2. Garcia-Molina, H., Ullman, J. D., & Widom, J. (2008). Database Systems: The Complete Book (2nd ed.). Pearson Prentice Hall. ISBN: 0136006371.
  3. Codd, E. F. (1970). "A Relational Model of Data for Large Shared Data Banks," Communications of the ACM, 13(6), 377-387.
  4. Meyer, P. S., & Reuter, A. (2014). "Concurrency Control in Database Systems," ACM Computing Surveys, 46(2), 28.
  5. Ramakrishnan, R., & Gehrke, J. (2003). Database Management Systems (3rd ed.). McGraw-Hill. ISBN: 0072465638.
  6. Date, C. J. (2004). An Introduction to Database Systems (8th ed.). Addison-Wesley. ISBN: 0321197844.
  7. Widom, J. (1995). "Database Query Processing: Challenges and Opportunities," IEEE Computer Society Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering, 7(4), 690-707.
  8. Silva, A., & Leite, J. (2011). "Database Recovery and Backup Techniques," Journal of Computer Science and Technology, 26(4), 789-801.